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Feasibility study/pilot

Autonomous shuttle

Autonomous shuttle
Location
Longyearbyen, Norway
Date
From to
Length
550m
Project details

What

Between February and May 2019, Applied Autonomy AS conducted a feasibility study for testing an environmentally friendly and autonomous transport to a planned visitor center (Arctic Preservation Visitor Center), based on an assignment from Arctic Memory AS. The routes included in the feasibility study consisted of a route between Longyearbyen city center, based on the Radisson hotel to the visitor center via the coastal road and the "Burma Road", from the airport to the visitor center and from the cruise dock to the visitor center.

The total distance for the entire route to be run with the transport service is 12.1 kilometers from Longyearbyen city center to the visitor center. According to Google Maps, a regular car will spend 20 minutes on the entire journey nonstop.

The demonstrator consisted of a fixed route with 4 stops.

The vehicle was to be used to map topography, GPS coverage and climatic challenges in winter on Svalbard, as well as conducting a demonstrator of a self-driving vehicle in the pedestrian zone.

Topographic analyzes of the routes were performed, GPS coverage analysis, lidar scanning of the routes, and assessment of climatic challenges.

Why

Feasibility study to reduce emission at Longyearbyen, and to create a transport service to the airport, and a new visitor centre.

Regulatory Framework

Norwegian Legislation permitting trial with autonomous vehicles.

Results and evaluation

Good, but the technology has to improve to support the long service to the visitor centre. The slope is 19 % and the technology of today does not support this steep trajectories. Customer satisfaction was very good.

No accidents occured.

Average speed was 10km/h.

186 people used the offer, which is almost 10% of Longyearbyen's residents.

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Lexicon

7 words explained

platooning

Also known as flocking. A collection of (automated) vehicles that travel together, actively coordinated in formation. Platoons decrease the distances between vehicles using electronic, and possibly mechanical, coupling. Platooning allows many vehicles to accelerate or brake simultaneously.

urban setting

High density environment with an efficient high capacity public transport system with good capillarity and high frequencies.

suburban setting

Medium density environment with a good public transport system with radial connections to the city center, but lower capillarity and frequencies. This setting includes suburban cities.

small cities

Small, isolated city with an own public transport system and <100K inhabitants.

rural

Low-density environment, small cities and villages with poor public transport services mainly connecting the villages.

SAE level

The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) levels define the level of vehicle autonomy, or in other words, how much human intervention is still needed for an automated vehicle to operate. Currently, five SAE levels have been defined: Level 0: Automated system issues warnings and may momentarily intervene but has no sustained vehicle control. Level 1 (hands on): Driver and automatic system share vehicle control. The driver must be ready to retake full control at any time. Level 2 (hands off): The automated system takes full control of the vehicle (accelerating, braking, and steering). The driver must monitor the driving and be prepared to intervene immediately at any time if the automated system fails to respond properly. Level 3 (eyes off): The automated system takes full control of the vehicle (accelerating, braking, and steering). The driver must monitor the driving and be prepared to intervene immediately at any time if the automated system fails to respond properly. Level 4 (mind off): As level 3, but no driver attention is ever required for safety, e.g. the driver may safely go to sleep or leave the driver's seat. Level 5 (steering wheel optional): No human intervention is required at all. An example would be a robotic taxi.

V2X

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is the passing of information from a vehicle to any entity that may affect the vehicle, and vice versa.