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CEA Saclay Shuttle Service

CEA Saclay Shuttle Service
Location
Saclay, France
Date
From to
Length
2.6 Km
Project details

What

For two months RATP operated 2 Easymile shuttles which ran Monday to Friday from 10:00 to 16:00 on a 2.6km loop with seven stops. They circulated in mixed traffic on the roads of the industrial site, interacting with other vehicles, as well as with pedestrians and cyclists. The shuttles were able to cross intersections and pedestrian crossings, deal with speed bumps and navigate roundabouts safely. Due to local regulations and to ensure safety, there was always an operator on board.
This shuttle served as a free internal service for the Saclay CEA private industrial estate, which is 130 ha and has 7,000 employees. The site provided an urban environment with moderate traffic, an ideal setting to carry out trials.

Why

This experiment was developed in the context of a national research project called SESNA. SESNA focuses on four major research topics: safety, cybersecurity, supervision and normative framework.

© RATP. CEA Saclay Shuttle Service.

© RATP. CEA Saclay Shuttle Service.

Budget & Financing

The budget of this project was about €500,000 EUR.

Regulatory Framework

The project followed the French regulatory framework.

© RATP. CEA Saclay Shuttle Service.

© RATP. CEA Saclay Shuttle Service.

Challenges

The challenges faced were mainly technical. These included: security, cybersecurity and supervision. On the non-technical side, a challenge faced was the acceptance of the vehicles among the target user groups.

Results & Evaluation

© RATP. CEA Saclay Shuttle Service - Route

Results & Evaluation

During the two month trial, the shuttle carried a total of 15,000 passengers and covered a distance of 2,800km at an average operational speed of 10km/h.

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Lexicon

7 words explained

platooning

Also known as flocking. A collection of (automated) vehicles that travel together, actively coordinated in formation. Platoons decrease the distances between vehicles using electronic, and possibly mechanical, coupling. Platooning allows many vehicles to accelerate or brake simultaneously.

urban setting

High density environment with an efficient high capacity public transport system with good capillarity and high frequencies.

suburban setting

Medium density environment with a good public transport system with radial connections to the city center, but lower capillarity and frequencies. This setting includes suburban cities.

small cities

Small, isolated city with an own public transport system and <100K inhabitants.

rural

Low-density environment, small cities and villages with poor public transport services mainly connecting the villages.

SAE level

The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) levels define the level of vehicle autonomy, or in other words, how much human intervention is still needed for an automated vehicle to operate. Currently, five SAE levels have been defined: Level 0: Automated system issues warnings and may momentarily intervene but has no sustained vehicle control. Level 1 (hands on): Driver and automatic system share vehicle control. The driver must be ready to retake full control at any time. Level 2 (hands off): The automated system takes full control of the vehicle (accelerating, braking, and steering). The driver must monitor the driving and be prepared to intervene immediately at any time if the automated system fails to respond properly. Level 3 (eyes off): The automated system takes full control of the vehicle (accelerating, braking, and steering). The driver must monitor the driving and be prepared to intervene immediately at any time if the automated system fails to respond properly. Level 4 (mind off): As level 3, but no driver attention is ever required for safety, e.g. the driver may safely go to sleep or leave the driver's seat. Level 5 (steering wheel optional): No human intervention is required at all. An example would be a robotic taxi.

V2X

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is the passing of information from a vehicle to any entity that may affect the vehicle, and vice versa.